A Research About Conflict And Conflicts - 1502 Words

Abstract This is a research about conflict which should be considered and resolute during a project. Although, six experts are from different background, there are many sufficient methods to deal with different kind of issues during the working. The great mode has used in the research is Thomas-Kilmann’s conflict mode instrument. (Thomas, K. W., Kilmann, R. H. ,1974). There are five effective approaches are discussed. Each approaches have its positive and negative effects. Also, there are many problems that each expert should consider about themselves which can devote their effort to help finish the project successfully. Achieving mastery through a comprehensive study of all of these methods can finally bring a huge success to the whole project. Conflicts Research Conflicts and Conflicts Resolutions During Project It is hard and impossible to eliminate conflicts when processing a team project. In the discussion problem 2, it tells us to solve a problem of developing experts from different places to into a real and complete team. People from different backgrounds and diverse places always have different values, perceptions, expectations, needs and resources. Also, different people must have various personalities. Therefore, a good manager should know and tolerant everything happened in the project and keep seeking probable methods to deal with every detailed conflicts. Perfect resolution of complex conflicts can help team member cooperateShow MoreRelatedConflicts Of Interest And Its Impact On Research1440 Words   |  6 PagesConflicts of interest appear in all aspects of life, yet in research the potential consequences of these conflicts may be disastrous. Allowing conflicts of interest to exist in science has a negative impact on research – they could damage public opinions of science and slow the progression of research. Scientific disciplines have the potential to harm society, highlighting the need to conduct ethical research free from conflicts of interest. In epidemiology, conflicting interests may have seriousRead MoreConflict Between Team Performance And Task Related Conflict1528 Words   |  7 PagesConflict forms According to Kurtzberg Mueller (2005), there are three main types of conflicts. The first type of conflict they describe is process related conflict that is based on the work procedures, how well work performance is and the obligations, roles, and responsibilities of teams. The second form of conflict is relationship-based conflict in which relationships and interaction play a major part between team members and individuals. Finally, the third type of conflict is task-related conflictRead MoreEssay about Family Conflict Affects Child Social Development1682 Words   |  7 Pagesstable environment whether at home or outside. Stability in life does not last all the time due to stress, conflict or any other issues that sometimes can’t be avoided. Conflict occurs with or without us realizing it. It can happen in our daily lives from the smallest to the biggest issues either with our family, friends, strangers, colleagues or just about anyone we may encounter. Conflict is a strugg le over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources in which the aims of the opponentsRead MoreHow to Resolve Conflict Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesConflict is in inevitable part of our everyday lives. Since no two people view things in the exact same manner, disagreement will most certainly arise at some point in time. Conflict is simply a difference of opinion and is considered to be a normal part of our everyday lives. There are several different forms of conflict and not all of them are considered to be bad. This paper will discuss the causes of conflict, the different types of conflict, and barriers to conflict. According to CommunicationRead MoreTheory And All Essential Elements863 Words   |  4 Pagesfollows: (1) ask a question, (2) conduct research, (3) form a hypothesis, (4) test the hypothesis using experiments, and (5) draw a conclusion. The primary question that is asked in conflict theory is, who is causing the crime and what behaviors contribute to the crime in society? According to Reid (2012), â€Å"many of today’s scholars trace modern criminology conflict theory back to the social and economic upheavals of the 1960s† (p. 127). Over time, conflict theory has gain popularity among theoristsRead MoreThe Research Problem Using Qualitative Methodology1570 Words   |  7 Pages Examining research problem using qualitative methodology are basically non-numerical and show great diversity. It involves any form of human communication which could either be written, audio or visual. The qualitative methodology used in solving problems, or explaining what actually happened. However, using qualitative methods to examine the research problem involves two activities: developing an awareness of the types of data can be described and explained; and also the practical activitiesRead MoreThe Impact Of 3d Printing On An Ethical Point Of View1185 Words   |  5 Pagesprinting technology within society is advancing at such a speed The research within this assignment will focus on the conflict surrounding 3D printing (bioprinting) artificial organs with stem cells based on an ethical point of view. Throughout numerous articles, two key conflicts are expressed towards the public. The first conflict consists of the question of which stem cells will be used to create the organs. The second conflict elaborates on the possibility of creating organs that will enhanceRead MoreNeed For Conflict Resolution On The Land Use Conflict Between Concessions Companies And Community Members Of The Nimba County1379 Words   |  6 Pages1 Research Objective The need for conflict resolution in the land use conflict between concessions companies and community members of the Nimba County in Liberia cannot be over emphasized since the sustainability of most economies is predicated on the availability of natural resource of that country. Concessions companies are established to accomplish their set objectives which includes profit making and for these objectives to be attained stability and peaceful atmosphere must play a significantRead MoreOrganizational Conflict : An Emerging Lifestyle That Is Inevitable And A Common Sight1417 Words   |  6 PagesOrganisational conflict is an emerging lifestyle that is inevitable and a common sight attributable to the matrix structure adopted by many organisation as well as the present era of globalisation. Mary Parker Follett (1925) interprets conflict as a mere contradiction in interest and opinions between personnel inclusive of employees, employers and managers. However, Bisno (1988) and Coser (1968 ) elucidate conflict as â€Å"A process of social interaction involving a struggle over claims to resources,Read MoreCommunication Styles, Relational Uncertainty, Intimacy And Interference Impact On The Development Of Relationships953 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Rationale The research article that I selected was interesting to me because it focused on romantic relationships. This information might be valuable information for me in the future. Also, this article is interesting to me because I am minoring in Interpersonal Communication and this article could help me gain knowledge. This article is related to communication because the main focus is about communication styles regarding irritations in romantic relationships. This article focuses on

Social Media And Its Impact On Society - 1506 Words

While many people put off and ignore the issue of social media and its downfalls, others say that people should think about how our lives are being affected by this advancement in technology, including, lack of human contact and precious time being lost due to consumption with social media. Social media is currently a highly controversial topic in which numerous people have mixed feelings. Society has typically viewed new advancements in technology as beneficial and a sign of success within their country. But, has it solely caused successful outcomes, or are there downfalls to these advancements? Various individuals long for a time when technology did not take over the world. For teenagers, it is difficult to imagine a life without the World Wide Web and its countless perks at their fingertips. Social media consumes young lives more than any other form of technological advancement. Social media has a few pros, but also its fair share of cons. The middle-aged group of society are the ones who greatly reminisce on a time with fewer forms of technology. (ButtePatil, screen 2) They grew up in a time where there was technology such as house phones, televisions, and microwaves; all of which their children take for granted. This generation is used to hearing that they should not spend so much of their time on social media. Childhood is a short time in life that we will be missed in older age; therefore, a cell phone with a precious twitter account should not take away time fromShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Social Media On Society Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesHave you thought about the impact that social media has on society? Today I would like to address the impact of social media on society for those of you that are social media users and this includes the advantages or disadvantages that as associated with it. In this speech, I want to relate to you how social media is being used by social media users. Social media has forever changed the way society works, whether it’s the sharing of an idea, the communication of news, or the availability of productsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has gained immense popularity, following increased access to the internet and technology devices including smart phones. Social media is used to denote platforms in which people build and share social connections; thus enhancing information sharing and interaction. Major examples include Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, Google+, Pinterest and Instagram. Through social media, people can connect, interact and exchange information such as pictures, videos and other digital media byRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1420 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media as we know has changed. Now instead of messaging we are able to video chat, and instead of not knowing where someone is now we are able to see there locations and where they live. This is all because of social media. Social media has taken the world by storm including social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram all sites where we communicate through text, videos, pictures, and much more. Rhetoric is used in social media and sometimes it can be overlooked. Sometimes we mightRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1563 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon.org) the aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant fami ly and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to develop new friendships as well. The downfall of social media sitesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society970 Words   |  4 Pagespiece titled Friends Indeed for the Washington Post. Garreau brings up possible dangers, minor inconveniences, and what truly defines a friend in the new media world we live in. I felt Garreau came across as jaded by most of the interviews he conducted. He did not seem to speak with a wide array of people that gave positive impacts social media can have, but rather focused on the negatives of the subject. Garreau did bring up valid points, however, from personal safety to the aspect of differentRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pageswaiting for their next high, society has become more and more dependent on social media. One must realize, while the use of social media in today’s society is a necessity due to the fast-paced environment that has been created, it can never fully replace the value received from personal interaction with others. The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimilate in a society dominated by social media. The actions of each characterRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society987 Words   |  4 Pages The Negative Impact of Social Media on Society Marylin Vos Savant once said, â€Å"Email, instant messaging, and cell phones give us fabulous ability, but because we live and work in our own little worlds, that communication is totally disorganized†. The society we live in today requires modern technology. Texting, tweeting, and other forms of abbreviated communications are now changing how we speak. Of course technology and social media to be precise, is not necessarily evil; they have boosted the world’sRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society1652 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1968, popular artist Andy Warhol had brought to attention his opinion on the over-populated celebrity society of the time with his quote â€Å"In the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes†. Times change, and the future approached, but Andy may have underestimated just how true that is. Nowadays, the quote has been translated to fit the modern times, â€Å"everyone will be famous for 15mb†. The quote being changed to that says a lot about the times that we are going through right now, whichRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1224 Words   |  5 Pages Social media is a variety of platforms provided to the public as a medium for expression and communication. Seemingly, social media could be viewed as a positive contribution to society, but one must consider the underlying effects of society. Many of us don’t take into account the role that social media plays in the way we perceive things, think, and live our lives. Social media plays a critical part in societal norms. â€Å"Social norms are rules of conduct that governs interactions among individualsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages What it Means to be Black In 2016, society is at a place where people are able to discover tons of information at the touch of a finger; this indeed can impact on how we view common things in society, such as identity. This statement holds true for â€Å"blacks† or African Americans as well. The stigma that comes with being black has been around for centuries; however, many blacks are using social media to combat negativity. In an era predicated on the use of the internet, black people have proven to

Theory of Scientific Management Free Essays

string(100) " graduated as a mines engineer and he worked as a mines engineer of metallurgical and chief mining\." Over many years, academic researchers, economist and business expert have considered several theories which try to describe business organization dynamics including how decisions are made, distribution of power, conflict control and resolution and also to enhance and counterattack organizational change. The studies of organizational theories have help public sectors to focus on the effects of social organization not only on the behaviors but also on the attitude of individuals. These theories also play major roles in realizing the effect of each person characteristics and actions on the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Scientific Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the same line it measures performance success and organizational survival and many other activities which takes place in public sectors. There are many theorists who have come up with different theoretical perspective which in one way or another have assisted public sectors to realize their success. This paper will focus only on three theoretical perspective developed by three different theorists including: Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol and Max Webber. Frederick Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management Dr. Frederick Winslow Taylor was born in 1856 in Philadelphia, U.S.A. He belonged to a center elegance family. He started out his profession as a small apprentice in the gadget-making shop. From the small apprentice he rose to the location of leader engineer in Midvale Steel Works in 1884. He worked almost at every position before becoming the chief engineer. He was almost associated with various problems confronted by the workers at every position he worked. This realization helped him in developing the idea of scientific management. He observed that the industrial resources were not being utilized properly ( Jack A. and Zenger B., 2002). In the early twentieth century, the most common management approach in western industrialization nations, was â€Å"rule of thumb approach†. This made Taylor to create his concept of scientific management. The theory was developed through continuous scientific experiments and calculations. The main ideas of Frederick Taylor’s theory of Scientific Management focused on the major issues of improving the productivity of labor. During his time, management that was widespread in the United States was not based on scientific management which was accomplished by past work experience. Before scientific management ideas, there was a gradually prominent paradox. For example, it was difficult for the capitalist to know accurately the efficiency of workers within the recommend time. Additionally, the workers usually operated under a normal working environment and majority of them were working less and get a lot of salary. In the same line, it is worth to mention that before the theory of scientific management, employees were not able to tell the amount of work they were supposed to do within a single day. The workers felt that they were doing a lot but paid less which made them to use the term â€Å"Social loafing† to describe increased exploitation and also to show hypothetical resistance. This led to low labor efficiency. Additionally, this also caused the employees to be resistant which emerged in labor conflicts. The best way to counter-attack this conflict was to come up with a well developed daily activity scientific model (Su, 2017). Tylor’s Scientific management theory implemented watchful specification and management of public sectors activities. This theory helped in standardizing tasks, rewarding and punishing workers and many other tasks became efficient. It is important to note that, this idea worked well for many organization especially in routinized activities. The matter of fact was that, Tylor wanted to develop mental revolution among all employees and the management through laying down of principle for enhancing production efficiency. In his theory of scientific management, he came up with four management principle, which include: development of a science for every component of an individual’s task, which substitutes the previous law of thumb system. The second principle was to scientifically choose and teach, train and advance the employee. The third principle was to heartily cooperate with the workers so that to ensure that every one work is executed in keeping with the ideas of the scientific theory that has been advanced. The last principle was to divide responsibilities and duty nearly equally among the management and employees. Tylor explained that, when these principles are followed they will accrue a lot of profits for both employers and employees. Through these principles, the workers will get more payment and management get a lot of profits (Hong., 2016). By using Scientific management Tylor was able to describe a single best method of carrying out tasks. In easy expressions, scientific management express the art of understanding exactly what was to be carried out and how it was to be achieved. Under this technique, scientific ideas are carried out in the recruitment, choice and educating of people and also are utilized in tackling numerous commercial issues. The Application of Scientific Management Today Tylor’s concept is still in place up to date. Several organizations still use the scientific management theory to increase their productivities. For example, in many industries and factories today, many managers usually employ this concept to increase the efficiency and also their productivity. A typical example of an organization that still uses Tylor’s concept is the Toyota company where the principle of scientific management is being used to ensure quality production and also improving the worker’s efficiency. This concept is still helping the Toyota company to be more successful. This is evident since Toyota company is currently seen to export a lot of automobiles to all parts of the world (Hong-yu, 2014). As a result of scientific management, employees have continued enhancing their skills so as to retain their leadership position or to be promoted to higher ranks. Moreover, organization have learnt to use scientific method in solving their issues instead of using the old approach of ‘rule of thumb’. Henri Fayol Theory of Adminstrative theory Henry or Henri Fayol; Istanbul was born in 1841 and died in 1925 was an engineer and scholar of business administration. Born in a middleclass family, in 1860 he graduated as a mines engineer and he worked as a mines engineer of metallurgical and chief mining. You read "Theory of Scientific Management" in category "Papers" He was responsible for the creation of contemporary management. some of Fayol’s contributions included; assemblage of business activities into six divisions, functions of management and lastly development of 14 principles of management. The administrative theory is founded on the idea of departmentalization, which means that different tasks are carried out to be performed in order to achieve the mutual purpose of the public sector or an organization. Prior to Henry Fayol’s administrative theory, Public sectors and business administration were using Tylor’s theory of scientific admiration to carry out activities in their place of work in order to maximize productivity by treating their employees as the machines (Brodie, 1967). Fayol was in contrary with this approach and he proposed administrative theory with 14 principles of management which focused on the whole organization instead of just the workers. Fayol believed that in order to realize the success in an organization, it was more than just employees to work. Managers were required to have certain responsibilities for them to be in a position to manage their workers and activities. This was later known as â€Å"administrative school of management† which was based on five management functions. These management principles were: Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating and Controlling. He believed that these elements help the management of an organization to make the machine to keep on working effectively (Miner, 2014). He also supported that any part or process that did not contribute to the success of the objective should be replaced efficiently and quickly. In conjunction to the above, Fayol also promoted 14 principles of management. these 14 principles can be categorized into four basic areas: Organizational structure, Organization power, organizational Reward and Organizational attitude. Organizational structure The Fayol’s six principles can be categorized as organizational structure. He argued that scalar Chain Organization should partake a firm vertical order. all the responsibilities, authorities and communication must follow that ladder. He ranked communication as an important element to an effective management. nevertheless, Fayol knew that there is situation where communication should be done very quickly. He meant that some times it is necessary to pass information and if possible to go out of the lines of authority and pass the message directly across the Scalar Chain. Later on, the concept became to be known as â€Å"Fayol’s Bridge† because it can allow two individuals on the same hierarchical level to communicate effectively and directly. Organizational Power This element contains three of the 14 principles which are Centralization; whereby all decisions are done in a central position. Here, the workers are not required to make the decision. The decisions are mainly done by the people in higher rank of management. after the top decisions, the information is passed down to employees through their supervisors. Authority and responsibility also falls under organizational power. Managers should have the power that stem not only from their rank in the organization but also should hold the authority for their individual characteristics (e.g. experience and intelligence). Importantly, responsibility should go together with power or authority in equal degree. The last principle which fall under this element is discipline. Here, Fayol meant that all the partners and members of a given organization should be respectful and dutiful to the rules and regulation of their organization and to the leaders (managers) who implement them. Organizational Reward In the addition to the above, three other principles relate to the organizational reward. These includes the remuneration of personnel whereby employees are given reward for their work with suitable salary. Equity is another principle whereby in, remuneration all the workers are required to be treated fairly and justly. The last principle that fall under the element of organizational reward is tenure stability. Fayol in this principle advocated that the organization should provide the workers with sufficient time to master their work in order to realize maximum performance. The last 3 Principles connected to organizational attitude includes subordination of people connected to overall interest. This principle advocates that an organization may be come effective only when the whole people’s interest take primacy over the interest of individuals. Therefore, organizational objectives must always be considered by individuals. Additionally, initiative managers take into consideration the efforts of their employees in order to make them work for the best interest of the organization. The last principle is Esprit de corps. â€Å"All for one and one for all† the principle advocates that there should be no disagreement between the different rank in an organization. Fayol emphasized communication as a basic element to effective management of any organization. He proposed a well-developed organizational structure where every person understands where he or she fits the best. It is worth mentioning that best structures and vibrant rules deals with these organizational structures. Based on the discussion provided above, it can be concluded that, Fayol’s administrative theory is more of prescriptive rather than explanatory or descriptive. He defined the way in which an organization is supposed to function so as to be fruitful. Application of Fayol’s theory in the Contemporary work place Fayol’s administrative theory together with principle of management are still applicable in contemporary organization in many different ways. The theory and its principles are still practiced in modern industries. They are refurbished form of the original elements or principles. They are leftovers of history of organization to which other values and practices are being presented. Many other principles of Fayol are also still followed up to today, to a step that depend on the a given organization or an industry. The Military of the United States is a good example of an organization which has employed and still use the Fayol’s Principle of management. For example, the U.S. military organization still employ division of work, â€Å"subordination of individual interest to general interest†, unity of Command, centralization and the scalar chain in different managerial level in all divisions of the military. Other current organizations which have developed usually tend to use many of these principles of management especially application of scalar chain as away of imposing instructions and order. Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy Max Webber (1864-1920) was a Germany political scientist, sociologist, philosopher and also the founder current sociology. He wrote the ethics for protestant and the capitalism spirit in the year 1905. He went to the university where he later became a professor but unfortunately, he suffered from breakdown of mental in 1897 and he was not able to work for a period of five years. His bureaucratic theory stressed on two essential elements; firstly, it involves arranging organizations into hierarchy. Secondly the a given organization together with its members were ruled by well outlined rational legal decision-making laws. Each of these elements help any organization to meet its goals (Du, 2010). An organizational hierarchy is the planning of the organization by the rank of the power or authority. In reference to the step above and below. For example, the vice president in a given organization is always ranked below the president of that organization. It is important to note that the person holding the lower level in the hierarchy answers to a person who is above him or her and at the top there is final leader of the whole organization. The rational-legal decision-making rule entails procedures and policies that help to monitor how the company functions. Other features in this theory are clear career path where employment in a public sector or any organization must be taken as an occupation for officials. Full time employees are categorized as official. In summary, Webber’s bureaucracy permits for the optimal form of authority. Application of Webber’s Theory in current workplace. In today’s society, the term bureaucracy is used in every day’s activities. The theory of bureaucracy is still connected in contemporary society with efficient, slow moving industries. Several public sectors, academic facilities and union shops just to mention a few tend to work based on the principle of bureaucracy Comparisons between the three conceptional theory After discussion, we have seen that all theorist (Fayol, Tylor and Webber) contributed a lot to the organizational management. Notably there are similarities and differences in three of these pioneer works. Looking at the work of Fayol and Tylor it can be said that their theories were complementary. For example, both Fayol and Tylor realized that the problems faced by the employees and the management in a given organization is the primary key to the success of an organization. It is also important to note that all the three-theorist applied scientific way during the development of their theories. For example, Fayol and Webber based on the operative sequence from the base of organization hierarchy upwards. Similarly, Fayol focused on administrative management from top to bottom. It is also noted that all the three philosophers felt the universality of management. moreover, it is worth to point out that, they had a common goal of trying to enhance the management within organizations. The development of their ideas was grounded on practical experiments. Moreover, the above discussed theorist expressed their conception theories by use of books whereby, they focused a lot on mutual cooperation between the employers and their works. It is important to put into consideration that, all the three theories were developed at a period when the organization of employers and employees was required. Differences Although this paper was discussing the theories of three people, the different ideology is most pronounced in the theory of Tylor and Fayol. One of their major difference is that Tylor focused on the problem of shop floor but on the other hand Fayol based on the work of managers at the higher level. The second difference is that Taylor’s worked from the base of an organization going upwards while Fayol worked opposite of Tylor where he applied the theory to work from top management to the bottom. Additionally, it can be noted that main purpose of Tylor was to improve productivity of labor and remove wastages. On the other hand, Fayol tried to create a worldwide management theory. Tylor’s theory has evolved and have a big change under the impact of current development, but the work of Fayol especially his principles of management have overcome several critiques and is well accepted even in modern days. Conclusion It is worth to conclude that the three management thinkers have an enormous contribution in the ground of organizational management. The theories are not contradictory instead they are complementary in nature. Although the three thinkers may have different ideas, it can be noted from their arguments that they had a common interest of ensuring effective management in an organization. For example, Taylor’s theory focused on the major issues of improving the productivity of labor and that of Fayol focused the idea of departmentalization which is aimed at improving the success of organizations How to cite Theory of Scientific Management, Papers